PDF LSAT The PowerScore Digital LSAT Logic Games Bible 2020 Edition by David M. Killoran ( A comprehensi

LSAT The PowerScore Digital LSAT Logic Games Bible 2020 Edition by David M. Killoran ( A comprehensive system for attacking the logic games section of the LSAT
David M. Killoran

Chapter One: Introduction
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................3
A Brief Overview of the LSAT ........................................................................................................5
The Logical Reasoning Section ................................................................................................5
The Analytical Reasoning Section ............................................................................................6
The Reading Comprehension Section ......................................................................................6
The Experimental Section.........................................................................................................6
The Writing Sample...................................................................................................................6
The LSAT Scoring Scale................................................................................................................7
The LSAT Percentile Table ............................................................................................................7
The Use of the LSAT......................................................................................................................8
Chapter Two: Analytical Reasoning Basics
The Analytical Reasoning Section ............................................................................................... 11
The Scenario........................................................................................................................... 11
The Rules................................................................................................................................13
The Step Between the Rules and the Questions.........................................................................13
Approaching the Games in General ............................................................................................14
Setups and Diagramming ............................................................................................................15
The Focus on Inferences ........................................................................................................16
Your Main Diagram vs Individual Question Diagrams.............................................................16
Erasing Work...........................................................................................................................18
Reusing Work..........................................................................................................................18
The Questions—Part 1 ................................................................................................................19
Global Questions ....................................................................................................................19
Local Questions ......................................................................................................................20
The Range of Truth .................................................................................................................20
Falsity and Modifiers ...............................................................................................................20
Tracking the Nature of the Question .......................................................................................21
Attacking the Section ...................................................................................................................22
Chapter Two Quick Review..........................................................................................................24
ii the powerscore lsat logic games bible Chapter Three: Linear Games
The Concept of Linearity..............................................................................................................27
One-to-One Relationships ......................................................................................................28
Linear Base Representation Diagramming Drill...........................................................................29
Rule Representation ....................................................................................................................36
1. Variable Placement Rules........................................................................................................36
Not LawsTM ..............................................................................................................................37
Dual Options ...........................................................................................................................38
Split Dual-Options ...................................................................................................................39
Triple Options..........................................................................................................................39
2. Fixed Position Rules ................................................................................................................40
Left/Right Diagramming Terminology......................................................................................40
Blocks .....................................................................................................................................42
Split-Blocks .............................................................................................................................43
Rotating Blocks .......................................................................................................................46
Rotating Split-blocks ...............................................................................................................47
Not-blocks ...............................................................................................................................48
Verticality and Horizontality in Blocks .....................................................................................49
3. Sequencing Rules....................................................................................................................50
4. Conditional Rules.....................................................................................................................53
Understanding Conditional Statements ..................................................................................57
Identifying Conditional Statements .........................................................................................60
The Unless EquationTM............................................................................................................62
Conditional Rules in Linear Games ........................................................................................63
Dead vs Active Rules...................................................................................................................65
Conditional Rule Satisfaction ..................................................................................................65
Conditional Reasoning Diagramming Drill ..............................................................................67
Linear Games Rule Diagramming Drill ...................................................................................74
Internal versus External Diagramming.........................................................................................81
Making Inferences........................................................................................................................83
1. Linkage ...............................................................................................................................83
2. Rule Combinations..............................................................................................................86
3. Restrictions .........................................................................................................................87
Avoiding False Inferences.......................................................................................................91
Balanced versus Unbalanced Games ........................................................................................94
The Step Between Diagramming and the Questions...................................................................96
Linear Setup Practice Drill ......................................................................................................97
The Questions—Part 2 ..............................................................................................................124
Global Questions ..................................................................................................................124
Local Questions ....................................................................................................................124
Global/Local Question Identification Drill ..............................................................................125
the powerscore lsat logic games bible iii
Truth and Logical Opposition ................................................................................................127
Logical Opposition vs Polar Opposition ................................................................................131
Could Be True vs Not Necessarily True ................................................................................133
Logic Game Question Stems ................................................................................................134
Falsity....................................................................................................................................135
Question Stem Classification Drill.........................................................................................137
Six Specific Question Types ......................................................................................................143
1. List Questions ...................................................................................................................143
2. Maximum/Minimum Questions..........................................................................................146
3. “5 If” Questions .................................................................................................................148
4. Justify Questions...............................................................................................................149
5. Suspension Questions ......................................................................................................150
6. Rule Substitution Questions..............................................................................................151
Attacking the Questions.............................................................................................................152
Learn from the Question Stem When Possible.....................................................................152
Question Solution Strategies ................................................................................................154
Solve for the Correct Answer ................................................................................................154
Process of Elimination ..........................................................................................................155
Hypotheticals ........................................................................................................................156
Re-Using Information ............................................................................................................159
Placing Diagrams.......................................................................................................................161
Diagramming Local Questions..............................................................................................162
Final Pregame Note...................................................................................................................165
Official LSAT Logic Games—Linear Games..............................................................................166
Final Chapter Note.....................................................................................................................206
Chapter Four: Advanced Linear Games
Multiple Stacks...........................................................................................................................209
Repeated Variable Sets ........................................................................................................ 211
Diagramming with Multiple Stacks.............................................................................................212
Linked Variable Set Rules.....................................................................................................212
Internal Diagram Spacing .....................................................................................................215
Side Not Laws.......................................................................................................................216
Advanced Linear Setup Practice Drill ...................................................................................217
Two Linear Inference Principles.................................................................................................225
The Separation PrincipleTM....................................................................................................225
The Overlap Principle ...........................................................................................................227
Final Pregame Note...................................................................................................................229
Official LSAT Logic Games—Advanced Linear Games.............................................................230
iv the powerscore lsat logic games bible Chapter Five: Grouping Games
The Principle of Grouping ..........................................................................................................265
The Number of Groups .........................................................................................................265
Diagramming the Groups......................................................................................................266
Unified Grouping TheoryTM .........................................................................................................268
Group Definition ....................................................................................................................268
Multiple Group Characteristics..............................................................................................270
The Selection Pool................................................................................................................272
The Relationship of the Selection Pool to the Group Size ....................................................273
Grouping Games—Unified Grouping Theory Classification Drill...........................................275
Diagramming the Rules .............................................................................................................278
Advanced Conditional Reasoning..............................................................................................279
Conditional Chains................................................................................................................279
The Double-Not Arrow ..........................................................................................................280
The Double Arrow .................................................................................................................282
The Contrapositive in Grouping Games................................................................................284
Multiple Sufficient and Necessary Conditions.......................................................................285
Linear versus Grouping Symbolizations ...............................................................................288
Grouping Games Rule Diagramming Drill.............................................................................290
Making Inferences......................................................................................................................294
Linkage .................................................................................................................................294
Negative Grouping Rules......................................................................................................295
Restrictions ...........................................................................................................................295
Hurdle the UncertaintyTM........................................................................................................298
Recycling Inferences.............................................................................................................300
Avoiding False Inferences..........................................................................................................302
Note ...........................................................................................................................................308
Grouping Setup Practice Drill................................................................................................309
Final Pregame Note...................................................................................................................333
Official LSAT Logic Games—Grouping Games .........................................................................334
Chapter Six: Grouping/Linear Combination Games
Working with the Combination of Major Principles.....................................................................377
Grouping/Linear Combination Setup Practice Drill ...............................................................381
Final Pregame Note...................................................................................................................409
Official LSAT Logic Games—Grouping/Linear Combination Games.........................................410
the powerscore lsat logic games bible v
Chapter Seven: Pure Sequencing Games
Pure Sequencing Games...........................................................................................................425
Pure Sequencing Diagramming Guidelines ..........................................................................426
Pure Sequencing Diagramming Drill.....................................................................................432
Conditional Sequencing.............................................................................................................437
Standard Conditional Relationships......................................................................................437
Mutually Exclusive Outcomes ...............................................................................................438
Conditional Sequencing Diagramming Drill ..........................................................................442
Final Pregame Note...................................................................................................................445
Official LSAT Logic Games—Pure Sequencing Games ............................................................446
Chapter Eight: The Forgotten Few
Three Rare Game Types ...........................................................................................................465
Pattern Games...........................................................................................................................466
The Linear Component .........................................................................................................466
Non-Variable-Specific Rules and Setups ..............................................................................466
Pattern Generation................................................................................................................469
How to Identify Pattern Games .............................................................................................471
How to Attack Pattern Games...............................................................................................472
Final Pregame Note...................................................................................................................473
Official LSAT Logic Games—Pattern Games ............................................................................474
Circular Linearity Games ...........................................................................................................491
Circular Linearity Mini-Drill ....................................................................................................494
Official LSAT Logic Games—Circular Linearity Games.............................................................500
Mapping Games.........................................................................................................................508
Attacking Mapping Games....................................................................................................509
The Grouping Element.......................................................................................................... 511
Official LSAT Logic Games—Mapping Games ..........................................................................512
vi the powerscore lsat logic games bible Chapter Nine: Advanced Features and Techniques
Two Difficult Question Types......................................................................................................521
Justify Questions...................................................................................................................521
Rule Substitution Questions..................................................................................................528
Numerical Distributions..............................................................................................................539
Creating Distributions Systematically....................................................................................541
Fixed versus Unfixed Distributions........................................................................................544
Numerical Distribution Identification and Use .......................................................................545
Final Pre-Drill and Game Note...................................................................................................548
Numerical Distribution Identification Drill ..............................................................................549
Official LSAT Logic Games—Numerical Distribution Games.....................................................552
Limited Solution Set Games ......................................................................................................566
Identify the TemplatesTM..............................................................................................................567
Identify the PossibilitiesTM ...........................................................................................................568
How to Recognize Limited Solution Set Games ........................................................................569
The Dangers of Misapplication .............................................................................................571
Final Pregame Note...................................................................................................................571
Official LSAT Logic Games—Identify the TemplatesTM and Identify the PossibilitiesTM Games .....572
Chapter Ten: Section Strategy and Management
Approaching the Section Strategically .......................................................................................603
Time Management ................................................................................................................603
Doing Fewer Games .............................................................................................................604
Using a Timer.............................................................................................................................606
Pacing Guidelines......................................................................................................................608
Question Attack Strategies.........................................................................................................610
Limited Time Strategies .............................................................................................................613
The Answer Choices..................................................................................................................615
Filling in the ovals .................................................................................................................615
Three in a row? .....................................................................................................................616
Guessing Strategy .....................................................................................................................616
Test Readiness ..........................................................................................................................619
The day before the test .........................................................................................................619
The morning of the test .........................................................................................................619
At the test center...................................................................................................................620
After the test..........................................................................................................................621
Final Note...................................................................................................................................622
the powerscore lsat logic games bible vii
Logic Games ReChallenge
Logic Games ReChallenge Set #1 ............................................................................................627
Logic Games ReChallenge Set #2 ............................................................................................637
Logic Games ReChallenge Set #3 ............................................................................................647
Logic Games ReChallenge Set #4 ............................................................................................657
Logic Games ReChallenge Set #5 ............................................................................................667
Logic Games ReChallenge Set #6 ............................................................................................677
Logic Games ReChallenge Set #7 ............................................................................................687
Appendices
Appendix One: Comprehensive Game Classification................................................................697
Appendix Two: Consolidated Answer Key .................................................................................699
Appendix Three: Flawed Setups: Checks, X’s, and O’s ............................................................705
Glossary and Index
Alphabetical Glossary and Index ...............................................................................................