PDF Global Politics, 7th Edition, James Lee Ray, Houghton Mifflin

Global Politics, 7th Edition, James Lee Ray, Houghton Mifflin
669 pages

TOC:

Contents
Maps
Preface
Part I
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Toward the First World War 4
Alternative Explanations 8
Effects of the War 10
The First World War and the Study of
International Relations 11
Postwar Settlements 13
Germany and Adolf Hitler 16
Japan, Italy, and Germany: Challenges to the Status Quo 21
Japan 21
Italy 23
Germany 24
Factors Leading to Appeasement 25
The Emergence of the Big Two: The Second World War 29
The Nazi-Soviet Pact 29
Germany's Attack on the Soviet Union 31 
Pearl Harbor 32
The Impact of the Second World War 34
Summary
Key Terms
Sources
2. The Modern Era
After the Second World War
The Origins of the Cold War: Conflict Over
Eastern Europe 38
Civil War in China: The Victory of Mao Zedong 42
The Korean War 43
The Beginnings of War in Vietnam 45
The British Retreat 46
The Hungarian Crisis 48
The Soviet Union and China: The "Monolith" Begins to Crumble
Sputniks, Kennedy, and Vietnam
Soviet Success in Space 50
Kennedy's Defense Strategy 51
Two Cuban Crises 51
The Growing War in Vietnam 54
Detente and Tripolarity
The Rebirth of the Cold War
The End of the Cold War
Recent Trends
The Study of World Politics After the Second World War
The Central Role of Realist Thought 67
Studying World Politics Scientifically 68
International Political Economy and the Future 69
Future Directions for the Study of Global Politics 72 Summary
Key Terms
Sources
Part II
INSIDE STATES: THE IMPACT OF INDIVIDUALS,
GROUPS, AND ORGANIZATIONS 81
3. The Public, Ethnicity, and Special Interests 82
Public Opinion and International Politics 82
Is Public Opinion Moody or Wise? 88
Ignorant Individuals and a Wise Public? 89
Subnational Groups and International Politics 92
The Military-Industrial Complex 97
Ethnicity and International Politics 102
What Is Ethnicity? 103
The Scope of Ethnic Conflict in the Global System 106
Why Is Ethnicity So Important Now? 108
Resolving Ethnic Conflicts 111
Summary 116
Key Terms 118
Sources 118
4. Making Foreign Policy: Bureaucrats, Diplomats,
Leaders, and Logic 122
Foreign Policy Bureaucracies 122
Standard Operating Procedures and Prearranged Responses 123
"Rationality" and the 1914 Crisis 125
"Rationality" and the Cuban Missile Crisis 126
"Rationality" and the Persian Gulf War 130
Are Foreign Policies Rational? 135
The "Rationality" of Decision Making 138
Diplomats and Bargaining 143
Great-Man Theories of History 149
Summary 155
Key Terms 155
Sources 155 
Part III
STATES, THE PRIMARY ACTORS
5. States, Nations, and Power
"Nations" and "States"
The Historical Origins of the Modern State
Religious Divisions, Economic Transformations, and Technological Developments 163
The Eighteenth Century 167
The Impact of the French Revolution 167
Nations, States, and Nationalism 170
Power
Dealing with the Paradox of Unrealized Power 174
God's Preference for Larger Battalions 174
Further Modifications ? 178
The Loss-of-Strength Gradient 179
The Impact of Resolve 179
More Is Not Always Better: The Infungibility of Power 183
Summary
Key Terms
Sources
6. Comparing States and Foreign Policies
Measuring Power
The Ingredients of Military Power 190
Geography and Geopolitics 193
A Simple Index of Power 195 Categorizing States and Their Foreign Policies
Categorizing States 204
Categorizing Foreign Policy Behavior 205
Relationships Between National Attributes
and Foreign Policies 207
Caveats 217
Summary 218
Key Terms 220
Sources 220
Part IV
INTERACTIONS OF STATES 227
7. Interdependence Among Rich States:
West-West Relationships 228
The Bretton Woods System 229
The International Monetary Fund 230
The World Bank 231
The World Trade Organization (The General Agreement
on Tariffs and Trade) 233
How the System Worked 235
Nixon's Surprise 237
The Economic Turmoil of the 1970s 239
The Decline of American Hegemony? 240
Pessimistic Prognostications 241
The Sources of American (and Western World) Anxiety 243
Doubts About the Sources of Anxiety 251
Summary 256
Key Terms 257
Sources 257
8. Rich States and Poor States:
North-South Relationships 260
Imperialism 261
The Relationship Between Capitalism and Imperialism 261
Lenin's Revision of Marxism 262
The Leninist Theory and the Evidence 264
A Defense of Leninism 266
An Alternative Thesis 267
Economic Development 268
The Development of Dependency Theory 270
The Impact of International Trade 272
The Impact of Foreign Aid 272
The Impact of Multinational Corporations 273
Dependency Theory and National Development Strategies 274 The "Economic Miracle" of East Asia 276
Developing States and the Future of the International
Economic System 282
The International Debt Problem 283
Choices for Developing Countries 285
In Support of Peasants and Women 289
Democracy and Economic Development 293
Summary 298
Key Terms 299
Sources 299
9. East-West Relationships:
The Emerging Post-Cold War Era 304
The Cold War Confrontation Between the United States
and the Soviet Union 305
Thinking the Unthinkable 305
The Prisoners' Dilemma and the Real World 309
Technology and Stability 309
Arms Races and the End of the Cold War 310
Responses by the Critics of Hardline Policies 313
Internal Factors, External Factors, and the Demise
of the Soviet Union 315
Why Didn't We See It Coming? 318
Beyond the Cold War 319

The United States and Russia: From the Cold War
to Convergence? 319
Nuclear Weapons and the Future 323
The Threat of Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction 328
The Dangers (and the Benefits?) of Nuclear Proliferation 329
Beyond Nuclear Weapons: Ballistic Missiles, Chemical Weapons, and Biological Weapons 332
New Threats in the Post-Cold War World: Fundamentalist Islam and China?
Islam: The Green Peril? 334
China and the Future of International Politics 338
The Political Evolution of China 342
Summary
Key Terms
Sources
Part V
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND TRANSNATIONAL ACTORS
10. Coalitions, Alliances, and Economic Communities
International Alliances
Balance-of-Power Theory Versus Game Theory 353
Historical Evidence 354
The Importance of Pivotal Power 356
The Utility of Formal Theories 358
Who Will Ally with Whom? 359
Alliances and War 361
Economic Integration in Western Europe
Federalism Versus Neofunctionalism 369
The European Union 371
The Process of Integration 375
The Future of the European Community 375
Economic Integration Among Developing Nations 380
Obstacles to Integration Among LDCs 381
A New Approach: The North American
Free Trade Agreement 382
Summary 386
Key Terms 388
Sources 389
11. Universal International Organizations 393
Early Peace-Keeping Organizations 393
The League of Nations 394
The Structure of the United Nations 396
The Principle of Collective Security 398
Prerequisites for Collective Security 400
Peace Keeping as an Alternative to Collective Security 402
The United States and the United Nations 407
The Future of the United Nations 409
Summary 414
Key Terms 416
Sources 416
12. Ethics, Law, and International Regimes 418
Ethics and the International Community 418
Morality and International Politics 418
Moral Opinions and Moral Judgments 421
The Ethics of War and Nuclear Deterrence 421
Deontologists Versus Utilitarians 422
Ethics and Economic Inequality in the Global Community 424
Moral Implications of Trends in Inequality 431
Duties of the Rich Toward the Poor 432
Morality and the Impact of Foreign Aid 435 
States' Rights 438
An Emerging Legal Right to Democracy 442
International Law and Regimes 443
Ethics, Laws, and Regimes 448
The Impact of Ethics, Laws, and Regimes 449
Summary 453
Key Terms 455
Sources 455
Part VI
GLOBAL PROBLEMS 461
13. Transnational Actors: The Wave of the Future? 462
Multinational Corporations 464
MNCs in Their Home Countries 466
MNCs in Host States: Criticisms
and Counterarguments 473
Dilemmas Faced by MNCs 476
Evaluating the Evidence 477
Computers, Transnational Organizations, and
International Politics 481
Computers and Computer-Mediated
Communication 482
Transnational Organizations and the Future of
International Politics 488
Terrorism and Terrorist Groups 491
The Origins of Terrorism 493
Dealing with Terrorism 495
Summary 500
Key Terms 501
Sources 502

14. The International System, the Balance of Power, and War
Analyzing Wholes and Parts
The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Politics 508
The Relationship Between Analyses on Different Levels 510 The Balance-of-Power Theory
The Balance of Power and the Preservation of Peace 515
Polarity and War in the International System 521
Integrating Balance-of-Power Theory and Theories
About Polarity 525
The Balance-of-Power Theory: Making Sense of International Politics? 529
The Utility of Neorealism and the
Balance-of-Power Theory 536
Summary
Key Terms
Sources
15. The Future of the Global Community
Four Crises
Poverty and Starvation 547
The Population Explosion 549
Shrinking Natural Resources 550
Pollution 550
An Integrated View of World Crises
Optimists Versus Pessimists on the Future of the World
Food Supplies 556
The Population Explosion 559
Reserves of Natural Resources 561
Pollution and Economic Growth 568
Population Control, Conservation, and Pollution Control 577
Evaluating the Contending Arguments 579
Summary 
Key Terms
Sources
Part VII CONCLUSION
16. History, Science, and Values in the Study of
Global Politics ' 590
The Lessons of History 590
Historical Generalizations 592
Scientific Generalizations 593
Scientific Control 595
History, Science, Values, and the Future 598
Key Terms 600
Sources 600